PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF RICE- Part -1
Seed Rate and Nursery Sowing
Two methods used for rice first one is dry method and the second is wet method. Seed rate for the wet method is almost 6 kg and for dry method seed rate would be 8 to 10 kg per acre. For one acre mostly 8 marla pantry is used. Rice varieties varies as fine and coarse.
- According to the Pest Control Act, a rice nursery cannot be sown before may 20. This needs to be strictly implemented.
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Introduction
Pakistan has a major role of rice as a cash crop as it is the second most important food. In province Sindh, recommended rice varieties potential is comparatively high than the average yield by small farmers. Those farmers who are using the latest rice production technology obtain higher production than average.
- Rice is an important kharif crop.
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| Rice crop |
Causes of Low Yields
- Careless transplanting by the labor
- Less number of plants per unit area
- Late transplantation as aged nursery
- Late availability of labor in transplantation
- Non technical or inappropriate use of fertilizer on improper time
- Climate issues like floods and drought
Important Rice Producing Areas in Pakistan
- Punjab (52% of total rice production )
- Sindh (38% of total rice production)
- Baluchistan (8% of total rice production)
The main rice production regions in Punjab are;
Gujranwala, Sialkot, Okara, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Mandibahuddin and Jhang.
- Hafizabad is known as the City of Rice as it has the biggest rice market mostly cultivated Basmati 385.
- Pakistan contributes as a 10th largest rice producer. Pakistan exports more than 8% of total rice trade in the world.
The main rice production regions in Sindh are;
Thatta, Badin, Larkana, Tando Muhammad Khan, Dadu, Qamber Shahdadkot, Shikarpur, Jacobabad, Kashmore.
Seed Selection and Treatment
Seed selection is the main process in which a farmer should select healthy seed and should remove the damaged seeds from the selected seed, this may be a bit difficult but your whole crop production depends on healthy seed, that is why select healthy and undamaged seed. Put seed in 2.5% salt solution, made this solution by adding 25 grams of common salt in 1 liter of water. Some seed grains if unhealthy seed is in your seed that will starts to float on the water surface, you should remove that seed from water surface. Then wash the seed with clean water and dry in shady area. For the protection of the seed, seed should be treat with a 2.5 gram chemical suitable fungicide in 1 liter of water for every kilogram of seed to protect the seed from seed born disease and other diseases like leaf blast. Treat your seed in a rotating drum or put in a container and shaking it well after adding the chemical.
Sources of Quality Seed
For high production it is necessary to use good quality seed, it should contain following characteristics;
- Should be free from weed seeds, diseases and other inert materials.
- Size should be uniform and seed should be healthy.
- Variety purification.
- High germination capacity and vigor.
Certified Seed Sources for FARMERS
- Punjab seed corporation and sindh seed corporation.
- International Rice Research Institute, IRRI varieties (Punjab and Sindh)
- Rice Research institute Kala Shah Kaku.
- Private seed companies with Good repute of seed purity.
- Farmer can use their own good quality seed.
Seed Rate
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Seed Rate for Nurseries (Kg/Acre) |
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Rice Varieties |
Wet Method |
Dry Method |
Raab Method |
Germination |
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Basmati 370, Muskan 41, jhona 349,
Pk 386, pk 1121, C-622, Palman 246. |
6-7 |
8-10 |
12-15 |
Above 80% |
Time of Nursery Sowing and Transplanting
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Sowing
and Transplanting Time Of Nursery |
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Rice Varieties |
Sowing Time |
Transplanting Time |
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KSK-133, KS-282, KSK-434, IR 6, IR 9 |
20th may to 7th June |
20th June to 7th July |
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| Rice crop guide |
Soil
Soil should be of any type except sandy soil. Clay loam soil with optimum quantity of organic matter and more water holding capacity is the best for rice cultivation.
Nursery Rising
One acre of land for transplantation of rice by conventional practice, 250 square meter is sufficient for a nursery area. There are different method of nursery raising for rice cultivation, depending on soil characteristics, water availability and traditional farming practices of an area. Wet, Dry and Raab methods are generally used for nursery raising.
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| Rice Nursery |
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