Production Technology of Rice. Part- 2
Methods of Rice Nursery
Usually different methods are used for rice nursery raising
like Wet, Dry and Raab Method.
Wet Method
Water holding capacity is necessary for wet method, so that soil should be suitable which is able to hold water more specially for wet nursery, soil should be clay or clay loam. Seedbed preparation should be before 2 weeks when you plan to plant this nursery. The soil of nursery should be ploughed properly and this area should be leveled perfectly, So that a very thin layer of water should be maintained during emergence. Manure application and process of puddling is necessary. Apply seed uniformly to each seed bed. Maintain water level about 2 to 3cm according to the height of the seedling. Irrigate the nursery in the first time of morning and drain in the evening for a week. Urea and DAP application should be about 30-40gm per square meter with the difference of 10 days according to soil health and climate condition (If needed). Rice nursery is ready for transplanting within 25-30 days.
Dry Method
Treat seed before plantation. After that evenly broadcast
seed in each seed bed after manuring. Irrigate the seed bed till
saturation. In high rained areas the
seed bed should be at least 10cm in height as a raised seed bed is prepared
under dry condition. Gradual irrigation application is necessary for seedling emergence
and growth. This method is used in areas where puddling is not possible, where
soils are loamy or silt loam. Weed control is necessary in this method. The
uprooting of this nursery is easy and will be ready within 30-35 days.
Raab Method
It is specially for those areas where soil or field is more compacted and uprooting the nursery id quite difficult. Thoroughly ploughing and planking of compacted field is necessary to prepare the rice nursery to get the fine shape. Remaining's of crops like straws should be spread thoroughly on each part and about 1.5-2.0 inches deep layer of farm yard manure should also be spread on nursery areas with roots and straws this material should be burnt out. After this on the next day broadcast the dry treated seed uniformly which should be followed by irrigation. Nursery will be ready within 35-40 days. Weeds control is good in this method and uprooting is quite easy resulting in reduced diseases.
Land Preparation
 |
| Land preparation |
Transplanting Factors
- Nursery management is necessary
- In transplantation careful handling of seedlings
- Transplanting should be shallow at least about 1-2cm depth
- Plant to plant spacing should be 25x25cm or 9x9 inches
- In transplanted fields water level should be 1.5-2.0 inches
- Avoid use of more mature seedlings
- Use only 25-30 days seedlings
Plant Population
Plant population is very important to get a good yield, optimum plant population is necessary for good yield. For the optimum plant population it is necessary to keep the distance between seedlings or plants and rows should be 9 inches. After transplanting these gaps should be filled within 8-10 days.
Fertilizer and Micro Nutrients
As we all know that mostly fields does not have such potential to provide complete amount of nutrients, So that it is necessary to add fertilizers in soils, as it is the times demand. Because fertilizers addition is important for the grain yield. We should always use the fertilizers on basis of soil analysis. According to the soil analysis use fertilizers on recommendations of soil analysis report. Phosphorous, Nitrogen and Potash should be applied at early stage. Remaining half dose should be applied at the stage of 30-35 days. Use of potassium fertilizer in rice crop is highly essential, where tube well is the single source of irrigation. Within established crop use chemical fertilizers only in standing water. Try not to use high rates of fertilizers specially for traditional varieties as they have less response and it may cause lodging.
Zinc deficiency is more in rice crops and for the high yield zinc application is necessary. After 12-14 days of transplanting apply 4-8 kg zinc per acre as it leads to increase tillers of crops which automatically leads to high production.
In rice boron deficiency leads to white leaves and rolled tips of leaves, that is why it is important to apply boron to get good yield. With the application of zinc apply boron at the same time like Borax to improve paddy yield.
 |
| Fertilizer application |
Harvesting
For better production and improve grain quality of rice it is very important to harvest the crop on time. Early harvesting leads to immature grain quality and loss of yield. Immature growth harvesting leads to damage grain. Immature harvesting can not be used as seed for further. Late harvesting also leads to heavy loss of yield specially of bird attacks. Late harvesting decreases the grain quality and weathering, Grain color also disturbs. Best harvesting time is at yellow ripening stage when the 80% grains will mature.
 |
| Harvesting |
Crop should be harvested when moisture is between 20-22% which becomes al most 30 days after flowering. Rice grain should be 80-85% of straw colors. Harvest after 30 days of flowering.
Rice crop harvesting process
- Cutting the straws
- Move to threshing location
- Separating the grains by threshing
- Removing immature, non filled grains and other materials through cleaning
- Dry the remaining crop straws by exposing into sun (optional)
https://agriera.blogspot.com/2023/03/production-technology-of-garlic.html
Rice Crop Diseases And Control
In Pakistan, rice crop diseases can have a significant impact on agricultural productivity. Some common rice crop diseases in the country include blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and brown spot.
To control these diseases, several measures can be taken:
1. Crop rotation: Implementing a crop rotation system can help break the disease cycle and reduce the buildup of pathogens in the soil.
2. Seed treatment: Treating rice seeds with fungicides or biocontrol agents can help protect the young plants from diseases during germination and early growth stages.
3. Proper field sanitation: Removing and destroying infected plant debris after harvest can help prevent the spread of diseases to the next crop.
4. Water management: Proper water management practices, such as maintaining appropriate water levels and avoiding water stagnation, can help reduce the incidence of diseases like blast and sheath blight.
5. Fungicide application: In severe cases, when diseases are widespread, the use of fungicides may be necessary. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and application guidelines.
6. Resistant varieties: Planting disease-resistant rice varieties can significantly reduce the risk of crop diseases. Farmers should choose varieties that are known to have resistance against prevalent diseases in their specific region.
7. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Implementing IPM practices, such as using biological control agents, promoting natural enemies, and practicing good agronomic practices, can help manage diseases in a sustainable manner.
It is important for farmers to stay updated on the latest research and recommendations from agricultural extension services and consult with experts for specific guidance on disease control measures in their region.
Comments
Post a Comment