MAIZE Production Technology

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Importance

Maize includes in an important major crop and is cultivated on a large area after rice and wheat. It is an important part of food in many parts of Pakistan especially the persons in west-southern hilly areas. Maize is also an important part of animals food as a fodder. Many things have been prepared like starch, edible oil, glucose, jelly and corn flex etc. Different factories of maize products are present in Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rahim yar khan and Rawalpindi. Maize is cultivated about 20 lac acre land in Punjab. Due to hybrid variety and a good production technology, maize area and production has been increased rapidly in the last few years. Hybrid varieties are the best varieties according to their production techs, because their corn seeds are fully attached even to the tip of the maize, Corn seeds quantity is more in hybrid varieties, corn seeds are of better quality as compared to the other varieties corn. The height of these varieties are normal, stem and roots are strong due to which this variety can use fertilizers in good amount and that is why these variety plants are protected from lodging. 

http://agriera.blogspot.com/2022/06/sugarcane-part-4.html

Maize crop

  


Crop Order

We can get two progressive crops of maize in a year. Due to short term crop it can easily be included in altered crops. Crop order for rainfed area's are given below. Farmers can get benefit according to their situations. Spring seasonal maize can get more sunlight and appropriate temperature which is beneficial for crop growth and nutrients availability. Due to which its per acre production is 20 to 25% more than kharif season crop. 


  • One Year Crop

  1. Kharif Maize- Wheat
  2. Potato's - Spring Maize
  3. Kharif Maize- Berseem
  4. Rice (ARI) - Potato - Spring Maize
  5. Kharif Maize- Potato- Spring Maize.

  • Two Year Crop

  1. Kharif Maize- Wheat - Kharif Maize - Berseem
  2. Kharif Maize- Wheat - Cotton - Berseem

Recommended Varieties for Maize Crop

Sahiwal Research Institute Maize advanced varieties

No.

Variety Name

Year

Grains color

Production Ability (mund/acre)

Maturation Period (In days)

Spring

 Kharif

·         Synthetic Varieties

1.

Pearl

2011

white

72

120-115

100-105

2.

MMRI (pelu)

2011

yellow

85

120-115

95-100

3.

Malika- 2016

2016

yellow

86

115

100

4.

Gohar-19

2019

white

81

105-110

95-100

5.

Sahiwal Gold

2019

yellow

91

110-115

105-100

6.

Summit Pak

2019

white

71

90-100

85-90

7.

POP-1

2019

yellow

55

100-105

90-95

8.

Sweat-1

2019

yellow

44

100-105

90-95

·         Hybrid Varieties

1.

FH-949

2016

yellow

130

110-115(Spring cultivation)

 

2.

YH-1898

2016

yellow

124

115-120

105-110

3.

FH-1046

2016

yellow

135

115-120

105-110

4.

FH-1036

2019

yellow

138

 

110-115 (Kharif cultivation)

5.

YH-5427

2019

Light yellow

130

110-120

105-110

NOTE; Other than these varieties of national and international hybrid varieties available in market are also cultivated. Farmers are encouraged to bought these hybrid varieties from registered firms and dealers and also make sure of registered permanent authentic receipt and take care of the seed empty bags because registered seed bags have great worth in any difficult situation.

  • In the above table maize varieties, color, year of release and maturation period and production ability is discussed.

http://agriera.blogspot.com/2022/05/wheat-crop-production-technology-part-2.html

Seed proportion

Seed should be pure, clean and healthy and more than 90% tolerant seed should be apply to the field, seed quantity for the bed sowing must be 8-10kg per acre while in case of drill sowing you should use 12-15 kg seed per acre.

Seed Treatment with pesticide

In the initial stage of seed should be treated with the Imidacloprid 70WS or Thiamethoxam 70WS with the proportion of 5kg with the 1kg of seed against the sucking insect pest. In case of protection from the diseases use Thiophenate methyl 70WP or Benomol 50WP with the proportion of 2 grams in 1kg of seed. 

Sowing time

The best time for spring crop is the end January to end February and the best time for the kharif crop is 15 July to 15 August. In mountain region of Rawalpindi the sowing should be done in time of 15 March to 15 April.

Note;

  • On basis of weather condition the sowing time is not the same.
  • For the green corn the maize can be cultivated in the end of August.
  • In Barani area's of different cities like Jehlum, Attock, Rawalpindi and Gujrat the sowing should be start according to early monsoon season.
  • According to the next crop after maize in Barani and hilly area's cultivation should be late by keeping in mind if the crop is early.  

Land Preparation

The first step towards the better crop is the best emerging tillers of the crop and for this purpose the good land preparation is much necessary for the better production. If the compactness is present in the land then this could be remove with the use of modern implements, so remove the compact layers from the land for better root growth. In the start use mold bold plough or disc plough for inverting the soil layer and this activity should be before 1 and half to 2 months before the cultivation. And with these activities take care of the land levelling, it should not disturbed. Because a well levelled land is responsible for the better irrigation and the better crop growth. If in case the land level is disturbed than use land leveler for making the field level because it is the key point of the crop betterment. Three to four deep ploughing is necessary before the crop cultivation and in case stubbles are present in the soil then apply rotavator. The land preparation is much necessary before the cultivation.

land preparation for maize crop


Cultivation procedure

Maize should be cultivated on the beds or ridges in irrigated lands. The beds or ridges distance should be equal 2.5 feet east and west sides and apply slight irrigation , so that when moisture reaches to the top of ridges and beds and in spring season sowing should be on southern side so that the whole day time sunlight falls on it then the germination of the seed will be more than usual and in kharif season the sowing should be on northern side for the good germination and growth due to the sunlight effects. Maize could also be sowing on 3.5 feet equally on beds but in this case the seed sowing should be on both sides of the beds or ridges. In spring season crop the plant to plant distance should be of 6 inches while in kharif season for hybrid variety plant to plant distance should be of 7 inches and for the common varieties preferable plant to plant distance should be 8 to 9 inches. In spring after maize sowing the 2nd irrigation should be after one week and in kharif the 2nd irrigation after sowing should be within 4 to 5 days is necessary just because of the good germination. In barani areas maize sowing should be on 2.5 feet with drill sowing or manual sowing.

Irrigation

Maize spring crop needs 12-14 irrigations while kharif crop needs 10-12 irrigations. 

maize crop irrigation

http://agriera.blogspot.com/2022/07/Rhodes%20Grass%20Cultivation.html

Instruction's About Irrigation

In smooth fields irrigation should be after 10-12 days of sowing while in the fields with beds and ridges should remains in "wattar" condition till the crop emergence. 
On flowering stage and also on milky stage the farmer should take care of irrigation to prevent the crop from dryness. 
In case of severe temperature of summer season the difference of irrigation should be 4-5 days. with the decreasing temperature the difference of irrigation will increase gradually. 
The most important thing in case of rainfall season when the rain water stays in the fields then remove the excess rain water from the fields immediately.




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