Phytoremediation of inorganic pollutants

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Contaminated soil treatment
          Inorganic pollutants detoxification is carried out by the following procedures mention below; 
§Phyto-remediation (plants used)
§Bio-remediation(microbes used)
Sources of heavy metals in environment
          There are different sources of heavy metals like atmospheric deposition, mining activities and the role of different industries.
Sources of heavy metals in environment
Inorganic Pollutants
Following are the different inorganic pollutants mentioned below;
  1.     Arsenic
  2.          Chromium
  3.          Uranium
  4.          Mercury
  5.          Selenium
  6.          Cadmium
  7.          Copper
  8.          Lead 
Phytoremediation
Use of green plants for removal of inorganic pollutants from contaminated site.
Accumulation of pollutants in plant tissues by roots.
Accumulation of pollutants in plant tissues by roots.
Advantages
  1.          The cost of phyto-remediation is lower.
  2.          Recovery and reuse of valueable metals.
  3.          Minimal land disturbance.
  4.          Reduce transport of contaminants by wind and reduce soil erosion.
  5.          Multiple contaminants can be remove within the same plants.
Phyto-remediation Mechanism




Phyto-extraction
It is removal of inorganic pollutants from soil solution and their storage in plant (non-toxic form).
• Fern stores Arsenic
• Sunflower remove uranium
Phytoextraction

Phytostabilization

Refers to immobilization of  inorganic pollutants in soil by roots through
•Absorption 
•Precipitation
•Not added to food chain (because it prevent downward movement)

Phytotransformation

        Pollutants is taken up by the plants and transformed in plant tissues (To be effective must be transformed to a less toxic form). 
It  is the ability of plants to change the molecular
composition of certain inorganic pollutants.
1.Metabolic processes within plants.
2.Effects of compounds such as enzymes.

Phytostimulation

•Microbes in rhizosphere transform inorganic pollutants to non toxic products.
Phytovolatilization
Plants remove contaminants in volatile forms and transpiring them into atmosphere.
§Work on  heavy metal (mercury)



Conclusion

§The main factor driving the implementation of phytoremediation project are
1. Stabilization
2. remediation of many contaminated sites.











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