Sugarcane Part-2
Initial Stages of Sugarcane
It leads to the early preparation of the sugarcane strategies. If we make proper strategies to overcome the difficulties and hurdles to sugarcane in the initial stages, then we can make a big difference in the production of sugarcane.
Initial stages includes following different parts;
Seed
If you wants to make your crop productive than you should select the best seed which includes high sugar recovery, disease resistant, healthy and of spring crop. Select the posterior part of the sugarcane which is the best part of the sugarcane for seed use. And do not select the seed from ratoon and lodged crop. Seed rate should be 80-100 mounds per acre. CP-77400 and CPF-237 are the early varieties of sugarcane. Cane parts or sets of seeds should be selected from new crop (immature crop) because a mature crop have large number of dry buds and if in case you select the mature crop which contains the dry buds of sugarcane then it should be treated with the solution of lime. All seed sets of sugarcane should contains 2 to 3 buds and should be equal in size. seed should be made with a sharp tool like axe or sickle.
https://agriera.blogspot.com/2022/05/sugarcane-part-1.html
Soil
Heavy textured soil is more preferred for sugarcane cultivation as compared to light textured soil. Sugarcane is grown in a great variety of soil. Clay loam, heavy alluvial soils / sandy loam soils are the best soil varieties of soil for sugarcane cultivation.
https://agriera.blogspot.com/2022/05/sugarcane-part-1.html
Land Preparation
Land preparation is a key for good production of sugarcane as it plays an important role in sugarcane crop. As we are aware of sugarcane root system, it contains deep roots and land preparation plays an important role in cane root development system and also in achieving good growth of crop. Land should be prepared with deep ploughing at least with the difference of two years. For better nutrients circulation it is necessary to apply disc plough and disc harrow to invert soil in a better way. At least 6 to 8 ploughing by planking is required to make soil porous, free from clods and weeds to make a better seed bed. To obtain pure variety sugarcane crop it is necessary to apply 1 to 2 rotavator to the field and let the field dry for 2 to 3 days to avoid the germination of residues or remaining roots of sugarcane. It is necessary for variety screening. Soil should not be more powdery. If clods remains in soil, in this case it affects the seed germination and if soil becomes more powdery then soil could be compact which becomes the reason of less germination of seed. Before 1 month of land preparation apply well rotten farm yard manure (FYM). You can also apply press mud, which is an excellent source of nutrients and organic matter, it is easily available in sugar industry. Green manure application is good source and valuable for making soil more fertile.
Sowing Time
Sugarcane sowing is appropriate in two seasons 1st one is Rabi season or we can say fall sowing in September to November and the 2nd one is in spring season or we can say sugarcane sowing in February to March. Plantation stats from 1st week of September and it continues to half month of October in all over the Punjab and Sind zone. While in other provinces like in KPK planting is done in October and November. Spring plantation starts after the first week of February and it continues until the end of March in all Punjab and Sind areas. These timings of the plantation is strictly observed because late plantation reduces the yield badly as much as 30 to 40 percent yield decreases. September sowing of crop usually produces 20 -30% more yield. In Pakistan time of sowing of sugarcane crop is commonly carried out in autumn and spring seasons. In fact September crop plantation gives very good growth, which is mostly vulnerable to lodging. Crop gives excellent appearance to the month of June and July but is subject to lodging in the month of July or may be lodging occurs in the previous month in case of wind storm and excessive rainfall.
Planting Method
Spacing or the difference between the rows should be 3 feet for the thick varieties and 2 - 2.5 feet for thin or medium varieties which allows sufficient space for intercultural operations and earthing up. Plantation of sugarcane also observed at the spacing of 4-6 feet apart in double rows which spaced at 9 inches. It gives much better crop and yield than the traditional methods. This method of sugarcane sowing is known as "2 in 1" means that two sugarcane sets rows in a single trench with about 9 inches space between them.
Depth of Seed
The seed sets are placed end to end furrows at the depth of 8 - 12 cm and covered with the 5-6 cm soil. In the dry method immediate irrigation is essential and subsequent irrigations at short intervals.
Hot Water Treatment
To prevent seed from diseases and for the better germination of seed it is much helpful if we treat the seed with the hot water at 52 °C for 30 minutes and with fungicide.
Recommended Varieties
Punjab
CP-77400, CP-72-2086, CP-43-33, CPF-237, HSF-240, SPF-213, SPSG-26, SPF-243, SPF-237, CPF-237, COJ-84.
Sind
BL-4, BF-129, HS-2, Thatta-10, PR-1000, CP-72-2086, L-113, L-116, NIA-98, SPSG-26, HS-4, HS-12, L-126, CP-43-33, NIA-2004, NIA-2010, NIA-2011.
K.P.K
MCP – 421, CP 51 – 21, JN 88 –1, Mardan – 93, ABID – 96, SPSG – 344, CP 77-400, CP 44 – 101, L 62 – 96, SL – 98, Mardan – 92, Banu – 1.
Fertilizer Application
Like wheat, maize, rice etc., crops sugarcane is also an exhausted crop that consumes huge amount of nutrients. Macro and micro nutrients both are essential for sugarcane crop. Fertilizers mostly used in the field of Pakistan is imbalanced and improper. Nitrogenous fertilizers are mostly used by the farmers or cane growers in the country while others use an imbalance combination of nitrogenous and phosphorous fertilizers. Use of potassium is almost neglected in sugarcane crop. It is an important process to use the proper dozes and balanced fertilizers to fulfil the maximum yield potential of sugarcane crop.
Table of Fertilizer recommendations for sugarcane in Pakistan
Phosphorous and Potassium should be applied at sowing time. These fertilizers are applied in the furrows where we place the seed. Other fertilizers or nitrogenous fertilizers are applied in 4 to 5 split dozes by fertigation system, during April, May and by mid June to February- March planted crop. In Sept. to October crop it will be beneficial if the nitrogenous fertilizers applied in 5 to 6 equal split dozes, In this case it is applied in the month of December, February, March, April, May and June. 20 to 40 kg nitrogenous fertilizers additional doze is applied to the September sowing crop "1 to 2 bags of urea" per acre.
Comments
Post a Comment